Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Welcome to today’s chat session.Please ask your question. 
Tapas Banerjee: Good Evening Dr. Himanshu Pathak 
Tapas Banerjee: Most Asian farmers have adopted modern varieties. HYVs already cover almost all of the irrigated rice and wheat areas, the rainfed areas. But WHY ? varietal replacement is too slow, with farmers. 
Tapas Banerjee: In rice and wheat, inter-related strategies are being pursued to increase genetic maximum yield potential: Are there other alternatives than changes in plant architecture, hybridization, and wider genetic resource utilization?
ramesh: hello sir 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Hello Ramesh 
sanjay: Good Afternoon SIr, 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Ramesh, do you have any question on today’s topic 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Hi Sanjay, welcome to the session 
Tapas Banerjee: In wheat, what are the new plants with an architecture similar to the “super rices” which could lead to an increase in yield potential of 10-15% .
sanjay: Sir, Is excess amount of nitorgen is harmful to wheat ? 
Tapas Banerjee: Is water productivity a useful concept in agricultural water management? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Hi Tapas, in rice some new plant types and hybrids have been developed which have yield potential 15-20% higher. But in wheat that kind of success is yet to acheive. Hybrid wheats are being tried but large adotion of these hybrids has not come. In India also we have a few trials on hybrid wheat. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Dear Sanjay, excess N is really harmful. The N which is not taken up by the crop is lost from soil and pollutes soil and water. The crop also gets high vegetative growth and lodge. Thus yield is reduced. Moreover, more N means more money. So, it is uneconomical for the farmers. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Dear Tapas, yes, this is a good concept. It measured at different levels i.e, field, farm or crop. Generally we use the term water use efficiency. And sometimes people gets confused with several use efficiency terms we use. In general, it is in terms of yield and water application. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Dear Tapas, yes, this is a good concept. It measured at different levels i.e, field, farm or crop. Generally we use the term water use efficiency. And sometimes people gets confused with several use efficiency terms we use. In general, it is in terms of yield and water application. 
Tapas Banerjee: Is it a fact that recent improvements in chemical hybridization agents, advances in biotechnology, and the emergence of the new wheat plant type have made an assessment of hybrids worthwhile 
Tapas Banerjee: Is it a fact that recent improvements in chemical hybridization agents, advances in biotechnology, and the emergence of the new wheat plant type have made an assessment of hybrids worthwhile 
sanjay: I’am starting SRW planting in Missouri, USA this week and am wondering how English farmers handle micro-nutrients in their wheat production. 
sanjay: Took tissue samples last year and I was low in copper, zinc, boron and manganese but am also interested in molybdenum. How do you diagnose problems? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Tapas, people are expecting hybrid wheat to be a success. Hybrid rice is a succcess, In China about 50% of their rice is hybrid. In India it is only 6%. Wheat is still much lower. The techniques you have mentioned should make hybrid wheat seed production much easier and make it a success. 
Tapas Banerjee: Does it hold weight that genetic variation exists within most cereal crop species for genotypes that are more efficient in the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other plant nutrients than are the currently available in the best varieties and hybrids 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  In market, several micronutrient formulations are available. 
Tapas Banerjee: How can we continue to expand food production for a growing world population within the parameters of likely water availability? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  I am not very familiar with USA products. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Varital selection is really a good way if getting higher efficiences of water and nutrients. Several varieties have been identified and breeders are trying to include these traints into new varieteis to make them more efficient 
sanjay: What products and timing do you use to fix or prevent them? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  The way is to improve water use efficiency 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  The way is to improve water use efficiency 
Tapas Banerjee: Can recombinant DNA techniques speed up the development processto achieve more crop per drop. 
sanjay: does The deficiency of zinc, manganese cause the nutrient? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:   Now a days several methods such as sprinker, drips are available which can improve water use efficiency. WE are
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  also trying to develop tehcnologies which we call as water saving technologies such as laser land leveling, zero tillage which use less water to produce more crop. The slogan is ‘more crop per drop’. 
Tapas Banerjee: Have we yet succeeded in transferring genes to increase the quantity of Vitamin A, iron, and other micronutrients contained in rice. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Sanjay, can you explain the question on Z etc. dificiency? 
Tapas Banerjee: Have we yet succeeded in transferring genes to increase the quantity of Vitamin A, iron, and other micronutrients contained in rice. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:   Sanjay, can you explain the question on Zn and other micronutrient dificiency? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Tapas, Yes, in rice it has been done. Our Golden rice is rich in vit. A. Micronutrient fortified rice has laso been developed. Probably by 2011 the golden rice will be in Indian market. 
Tapas Banerjee: With high nutrients, rice is a good source of insoluble fiber, which is also found in whole wheat, brand and nuts. Has Insoluble fiber any advantage altogether.
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Tapas, medically fibre rich food is good for health. From yield point of view it may not increase the income of farmers 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:   Hi Tatai, 
Tatai: Hello Dr. Pathak 
Tatai: Can varying crop rotation make more efficient use of the water stored in the soil profile to alleviate the major problems of rising water tables and salinity. 
Tatai: dry land crop rotation with rice can reduce the methane emission but it will imncrease the n2o emission, what about the reduction of nitrous oxide, as it is having higher GWP 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Tatai, different crops will really help as they have different water requirements. Rice in that way is the most notorious. And in water defcient areas we dicourage to grow rice. 
Tatai: except the rice-wheat systems what about the other crop rotations? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  But because of some Govt. policies rice and wheat are extensively grown.
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Now we are talkign about crop diversification. It is basically growing different crops based on soil, climate and market need of that area. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Crop rotation was a good conept and was very much in vogue in earlier days. But in between farmers shifted to mostly mono-cropping. We need to diversify that and grow different crops.
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Hi Vivek 
vivek: What are CERES and SWAGMAN destiny crop models in productive management 
vivek: What are the field experiments to quantify crop performance and nutrient extraction 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:   Vivek, these simulation models can be used for crop management. But so far these models have been used for rsearch and planning purposes. Have you used these models? 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  May be we can discuss more about these as I worked with CERES for last few years. SWAGMAN destiny is mostly used by water scientists. 
Tatai: Why is rice, lodging (where plants fall due to wind, rain, flooding or pest damage, or because the stems are too tall or too weak to stand erect during the grain-filling stage) often caused yield loss by rain and wind damage, a most serious in higher nitrogen rate treatments, and to LESS EXTENT with phosphorus and potassium deficiencies. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Tatai, with more N but less P and K, there will be excessive vegetative growth and less root growth. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:   Hi JK, welcome to the session 
Trailokya: Good Evening Hamanshu Sir
jk: hello sir 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Hi Trailokya, welcome 
Trailokya: What is the effect of tillage, in water and nutrient management on Soil Quality Parameters under Rice-Wheat 
Trailokya: What is the effect of tillage, in water and nutrient management on Soil Quality Parameters under Rice-Wheat 
Trailokya: The effect of puddled and non-puddled conditions in rice also influenced the water and nutrient uptake. 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:   Tillage, or say extensive tillage deteriorates soil quality. Whiel good nutrient and water management improves soil quality. We are trying to promote zero tillage or minimum tillage to improve soil quality. 
Trailokya: How is higher available P content associated with water regimes 
Dr Himanshu Pathak:  Dear All, Thank you for participating in the chat session. It is time to wind up now. If you have any question, please send it to my email ID hpathak@cgiar.org 
Trailokya: Is Organic Carbon (OC) and labile fraction-C values relatively more in rice-wheat or more in maize-wheat system